Latest studies
Every paper our editors flag with a plain-language note and an evidence rating. Filter by evidence, species, or design to find what actually applies to you.
- Study · CagrilintideMixed
Amylin and the renin-angiotensin system: risk or opportunity in amylin-based therapy?
A hypothesis and research-agenda paper focused on amylin receptor agonists, with cagrilintide (including the CagriSema combination) as a central example. It proposes mechanisms linking amylin therapy to the renin-angiotensin system but presents no new experimental data, instead outlining studies to test its ideas. It is a forward-looking mechanistic commentary rather than an evidence report, though cagrilintide is genuinely central to the discussion.
Lancet (London, England)n=——Dec 20, 2026 - Study · CagrilintideSupported
Cagrilintide-semaglutide (CagriSema) versus semaglutide or cagrilintide in people with type 2 diabetes (REIMAGINE 2): a double-blind, randomised, controlled, phase 3 study.
This large active-controlled phase 3 RCT directly compared cagrilintide-semaglutide against semaglutide monotherapy, giving a clean read on semaglutide as a comparator arm. The combination was statistically superior for HbA1c, though the absolute difference of 0.16 percentage points is small. Novo Nordisk-funded; the semaglutide 2.4 mg arm itself performed strongly, which is directly relevant.
The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinologyn=—HumanAug 1, 2026 - Study · CagrilintideSupported
Cagrilintide-semaglutide (CagriSema) as an add-on to basal insulin in adults with type 2 diabetes (REIMAGINE 3): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, phase 3 study.
REIMAGINE 3 is a double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 3a trial (274 adults, six countries) testing once-weekly cagrilintide-semaglutide (CagriSema) added to basal insulin in type 2 diabetes. Researchers reported HbA1c reductions of -2.33% (2.4 mg each) and -2.10% (1.0 mg each) versus -0.66% for placebo, meeting the primary endpoint, alongside 10-12% bodyweight reductions and no additional hypoglycaemia; adverse events were mostly mild-to-moderate gastrointestinal, and one unrelated death (malignancy) occurred. Note this is a combination of cagrilintide with semaglutide, not semaglutide alone, so the effect cannot be attributed to semaglutide by itself. The design is strong (randomised, masked, active insulin background), and the result is clear and clinically meaningful over 40 weeks. Longer-term durability and the semaglutide-versus-combination contribution remain open questions. Sponsor: Novo Nordisk.
Lancet (London, England)n=—HumanJul 4, 2026 - Study · CagrilintideSupported
Renal or Hepatic Impairment Does Not Affect Pharmacokinetics, Safety, or Tolerability of Subcutaneous Cagrilintide.
These two controlled clinical pharmacology studies assessed cagrilintide exposure in participants with varying renal and hepatic function and found no clinically relevant differences versus normal function. The authors note the small sample sizes as a limitation. The data are directly relevant to safe dosing of the peptide in special populations and were well tolerated.
Clinical pharmacokineticsn=—HumanJul 1, 2026 - Study · CagrilintideSupported
Comparative Effectiveness of CagriSegma, Semaglutide, Cagrilintide and Tirzepatide in the Management of Overweight and Obesity: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.
A network meta-analysis pooling 25 randomized trials and 12 interventions to compare advanced anti-obesity agents. Tirzepatide 15 mg produced the greatest percent weight reduction (mean difference -17.97%), with CagriSema close behind (-17.84%) and semaglutide 7.2 mg at -14.66%; at the >=20% weight-loss threshold CagriSema and tirzepatide 15 mg led. Gastrointestinal adverse events rose with all treatments, while serious adverse events were comparable to placebo. As a meta-analysis of RCTs this sits near the top of the evidence hierarchy, and the ranking of tirzepatide and semaglutide is consistent with the broader trial record. The main caveats are inherent to network meta-analysis: it mixes indirect comparisons across trials with differing populations and durations, so the precise numeric ordering (especially tirzepatide vs CagriSema) carries uncertainty. The authors note no direct head-to-head data exist and call for them. Strong, well-grounded synthesis.
Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolismn=—HumanJul 1, 2026 - Study · CagrilintideSupported
Efficacy and Safety of Cagrilintide and Cagrisema Versus Semaglutide as Anti-Obesity Medications: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression.
This systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression pools three RCTs comparing CagriSema and cagrilintide monotherapy against semaglutide. CagriSema was associated with significantly greater weight loss, while cagrilintide alone matched semaglutide but carried a higher relative risk of serious adverse events and combination therapy increased injection-site reactions and nausea. As a synthesis of randomized data on tracked peptides it is strong evidence, with both benefits and safety signals reported as associations.
Diabetes, obesity & metabolismn=—HumanJun 1, 2026 - Study · CagrilintideSupported
Efficacy and safety of co-administered cagrilintide and semaglutide versus semaglutide alone in adults with overweight or obesity with or without type 2 diabetes in Japan and Taiwan (REDEFINE 5): a multicentre, randomised, active-controlled, phase 3a trial.
This is a well-powered phase 3a randomized active-controlled trial (REDEFINE 5) comparing fixed-dose cagrilintide-semaglutide against semaglutide alone in an east Asian population. The combination was associated with significantly greater weight loss at 68 weeks, with a comparable and predominantly gastrointestinal adverse-event profile. As a rigorous head-to-head RCT on two tracked peptides it is high-value evidence, reported as association.
The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinologyn=—HumanJun 1, 2026 - Study · CagrilintideSupported
Cagrilintide and CagriSema for weight reduction and metabolic risk modification in overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis pools four randomized trials to evaluate cagrilintide and CagriSema for weight management, reporting significant reductions in body weight and favorable cardiometabolic effects. Adverse events were more frequent with active treatment but discontinuation rates were comparable to placebo. As a synthesis of RCT data on tracked peptides it carries strong evidentiary weight, with effects framed as associations.
Journal of diabetes and metabolic disordersn=—HumanJun 1, 2026 - Study · CagrilintideWeak / none
A cross-species atlas of the dorsal vagal complex reveals neural mediators of the effects of cagrilintide on energy balance.
This mechanistic animal study builds a cross-species brainstem cell atlas and identifies Calcr/Prlh neuron populations as mediators of cagrilintide's effects on energy balance, distinguishing them from semaglutide's pathway. It is preclinical work in rodents and non-human primates, so findings are mechanistic rather than clinical. It offers a useful biological explanation for how the amylin agonist may act.
Nature metabolismn=—AnimalJun 1, 2026 - Study · RetatrutideSupported
Novel GLP-1-based Medications for Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity.
A broad review of emerging GLP-1-based and multireceptor agents for obesity and diabetes. Several tracked peptides appear, including retatrutide, CagriSema (cagrilintide plus semaglutide), and tirzepatide as an established benchmark. Useful landscape context rather than primary data.
Endocrine reviewsn=——Mar 11, 2026 - Study · CagrilintideSupported
Amylin receptors as therapeutic targets in obesity: Emerging peptide-based strategies.
A review of preclinical and clinical data on amylin receptor agonists for obesity, with cagrilintide as a lead agent and semaglutide referenced as a synergistic partner. Positions the drug class as promising but notes disease-modifying effects remain to be determined. Background-level material.
Vascular pharmacologyn=——Mar 1, 2026 - Study · CagrilintideSupported
Long-acting amylin-related peptides as therapies for obesity and type 2 diabetes.
This narrative review surveys the pharmacology and clinical development of long-acting amylin analogues, with cagrilintide and CagriSema as central examples alongside newer agents. It notes that gastrointestinal side effects are common during initiation but mostly resolve with continued use. As an expert overview it provides strong context on tracked peptides, though it synthesizes rather than generates primary data.
Peptidesn=——Mar 1, 2026 - Study · CagrilintideSupported
CagriSema Reduces Blood Pressure in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: REDEFINE 1.
A secondary and post hoc analysis of the 68-week REDEFINE 1 phase 3 trial (3417 participants) examining blood pressure. CagriSema was associated with systolic reductions of about 11 mm Hg versus under 3 mm Hg for placebo, including among participants with resistant hypertension. Strong human evidence for a cardiometabolic secondary endpoint.
Hypertensionn=—HumanFeb 1, 2026 - Study · CagrilintideSupported
Amylin Revisited: A 5-Year Perspective on Its Emerging Role in the Treatment of Diabesity.
A narrative review summarizing the amylin pathway and its analogs for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Cagrilintide and semaglutide feature as the peptide-relevant agents, with combination therapy associated with weight loss exceeding 15% in trials. Useful as background context rather than primary evidence.
Journal of obesity & metabolic syndromen=——Jan 30, 2026 - Study · CagrilintideWeak / none
Structural and mechanistic insights into dual activation of cagrilintide in amylin and calcitonin receptors.
A cryo-EM structural study resolving how cagrilintide engages both amylin and calcitonin receptors via a shared binding mode. It clarifies the molecular basis of the drug's dual-receptor activity. Mechanistic rather than clinical, but directly focused on a tracked peptide.
Acta pharmacologica Sinican=—In vitroJan 1, 2026 - Study · CagrilintideMixed
Synthetic target trial emulation and predictive modeling of amylin-pathway therapies for obesity and type 2 diabetes.
A network meta-analysis and computational modeling exercise drawing on seven RCTs (5,786 participants) of amylin-pathway agents including cagrilintide and CagriSema. Findings are model-derived predictions rather than direct trial outcomes, so results should be read as hypothesis-generating. Relevant to the amylin drug class.
Metabolism openn=—HumanDec 1, 2025 - Study · TirzepatideMixed
Weight Loss, Obesity Medication, and Risk of Obesity-Associated Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
A meta-analysis of 25 RCTs (40,731 participants) examining whether antiobesity medications alter obesity-associated cancer risk. Tirzepatide and cagrilintide appear only within a coagonist subgroup that showed a borderline association, while overall medications showed no association. The peptide relevance is incidental to a broad drug-class question, so the subgroup signal should be read cautiously.
Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)n=—HumanNov 4, 2025 - Study · SemaglutideSupported
Weight management treatment in obesity.
A clinical review of obesity pharmacotherapy covering approved and investigational agents. Multiple tracked peptides appear, with reported weight-loss ranges of roughly 15 to 25 percent for the newer combinations and triple agonists. Landscape context rather than primary evidence.
Medicina clinican=——Nov 1, 2025 - Study · CagrilintideSupported
Cagrilintide-Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes.
The REDEFINE 2 phase 3a trial (1206 participants, 68 weeks) in adults with type 2 diabetes reporting a mean weight change of -13.7% with cagrilintide-semaglutide versus -3.4% with placebo, plus substantial improvements in glycated hemoglobin. Gastrointestinal adverse events were common but mostly mild-to-moderate. High-quality primary human evidence on both tracked peptides.
The New England journal of medicinen=—HumanAug 14, 2025 - Study · CagrilintideSupported
Coadministered Cagrilintide and Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity.
The pivotal REDEFINE 1 phase 3a trial (3417 participants, 68 weeks) reporting a mean weight change of -20.4% with cagrilintide-semaglutide versus -3.0% with placebo. Gastrointestinal adverse events were common but mostly mild-to-moderate and transient. High-quality primary human evidence directly on both tracked peptides.
The New England journal of medicinen=—HumanAug 14, 2025 - Study · CagrilintideWeak / none
Cagrilintide lowers bodyweight through brain amylin receptors 1 and 3.
A knockout-mouse study showing cagrilintide's body-weight effect requires amylin receptors 1 and 3, mapping its central mechanism to specific brainstem circuits. Findings are in mice and mechanistic, not clinical. Directly focused on a tracked peptide.
EBioMedicinen=—AnimalAug 1, 2025 - Study · CagrilintideWeak / none
CagriSema drives weight loss in rats by reducing energy intake and preserving energy expenditure.
A rodent mechanistic study attributing roughly one-third of CagriSema's weight-loss effect to blunted metabolic adaptation rather than reduced intake alone. Findings are in rats and should not be extrapolated directly to humans. Relevant mechanistic context for both tracked peptides.
Nature metabolismn=—AnimalJul 1, 2025