A phase 2 liver trial where the add-on drug didn't help — and the base drug quietly did
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Efficacy and safety of zalfermin co-administered with semaglutide in participants with fibrosis and cirrhosis due to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: a phase 2, dose-ranging, double-blind, randomised controlled trial.

Loomba R, George J, Castera L, et al. The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology. 2026.

Editor's note

A large, well-controlled phase 2 RCT in which semaglutide is a core study arm, not an incidental mention. The combination with zalfermin failed to beat placebo on the fibrosis endpoint, but semaglutide 2.4 mg alone was associated with a nominally significant improvement, prompting the authors to flag it for further study in the F4c cirrhosis population. Gastrointestinal adverse events were common, consistent with the known profile.

Plain-language abstract

In this phase 2 randomised trial in people with steatohepatitis and significant liver fibrosis, adding zalfermin to semaglutide did not improve fibrosis over placebo, while semaglutide alone showed a nominally significant improvement.